how many counties in france

France is divided into eighteen administrative regions (French: rgions, singular rgion), of which thirteen are located in metropolitan France (in Europe), while the other five are overseas regions (not to be confused with the overseas collectivities, which have a semi-autonomous status).. All of the thirteen metropolitan administrative regions (including Corsica as of 2019) are further . The provinces of France were roughly equivalent to the historic counties of England. agriculture: 1.7% (2017 est. France today is one of the most modern countries in the world and is a leader among European nations. This was fewer than the 60,000 parishes that existed before the revolution (in cities and towns, parishes were merged into one single commune; in the countryside, some very small parishes were merged with bigger ones), but 41,000 was still a considerable number, without any comparison in the world at the time, except in the empire of China (but there, only county level and above had any permanent administration). The CFP and both variations of CFA franc are all tied to the French monetary system, which has given France a questionable degree of control over the value of those countries' currency. Borders of France - Wikipedia However, many smaller communes have retained their native name. Communities of communes are given the least money per inhabitant, whereas urban communities are given the most money per inhabitant, thus pushing communes to form more integrated communities where they have fewer powers, which they might otherwise have been loath to do if it were not for government money. In areas where languages other than French are or were spoken, most place-names have been translated into a French spelling and pronunciation, such as Dunkerque (Duinkerke in Dutch), Toulouse (Tolosa in Occitan), Strasbourg (Straburg in German), Perpignan (Perpiny in Catalan), and many place names derived from Gaulish or Latin. African countries that still use the franc include Cameroon, Chad, the Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Comoros, Djibouti, Guinea, Rwanda, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, and Togo. From 1794 to 1977 except for a few months in 1848 and 1870-1871 Paris had no mayor and was thus directly controlled by the departmental prefect. Note: Titles marked with * are semi-autonomous French territories. This is a list of selected cities, towns, and other populated places in France, ordered alphabetically by administrative unit. Omissions? Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The commune ( French pronunciation: [kmyn] ( listen)) is a level of administrative division in the French Republic. There are different variations of the franc, including the Swiss franc and the French franc. A majestic city known as the ville lumire, or city of light, Paris has often been remade, most famously in the mid-19th century under the command of Georges-Eugne, Baron Haussman, who was committed to Napoleon IIIs vision of a modern city free of the choleric swamps and congested alleys of old, with broad avenues and a regular plan. Additionally some cities had obtained charters during the Middle Ages, either from the king himself or from local counts or dukes (such as the city of Toulouse chartered by the counts of Toulouse). Note: Runion, Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana and Mayotte are classified as overseas regions of France and are thus not a part of this list. )0.48% (2020 est. Which Countries Border France? - WorldAtlas The franc is an easy form of money to use, with one franc divided into 100 centimes. France rejoined NATO's integrated military command structure in 2009, reversing DE GAULLE's 1966 decision to withdraw French forces from NATO. France's total FDI in Saudi Arabia amounts to nearly $6 billion. The whole territory of the French Republic is divided into communes; even uninhabited mountains or rain forests are dependent on a commune for their administration. The Regions of France - About-France.com [Forums", "Kerguelen yves trmarec james cook asia hillsborough rhodes", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_possessions_and_colonies&oldid=1158091328, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles lacking in-text citations from March 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Articles needing additional references from March 2018, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, The Spheres of French influence officially recognized by China on the provinces of, This page was last edited on 1 June 2023, at 23:07. ), production: 16.226 million cubic meters (2019 est. They usually group into the same commune several villages or towns, often with sizeable distances among them. ), total: 30.627 million (2020 est. )$189.006 billion (31 December 2019 est. French lawmakers having long been aware of the inadequacy of the communal structure inherited from the French Revolution for dealing with a number of practical matters, the so-called Chevnement law of 12 July 1999 is the most recent and most thoroughgoing measure aimed at strengthening and simplifying this principle. )methane emissions: 55.99 megatons (2020 est. Author of, Goelet Professor of French History, Harvard University. note: data are in current year dollars$916.214 billion (2019 est.) Provinces of France - Wikipedia True Sovereignty? French communes are analogous to civil townships and incorporated municipalities in the United States and Canada, Gemeinden in Germany, comuni in Italy, or municipios in Spain. The franc is a unity of currency, comparable to the US dollar, the pound sterling, and the rupee, which was originally issued in France in 1360 and popular throughout Europe and Africa in the 20th century. From 41,000 communes at the time of the French Revolution, the number decreased to 37,963 in 1921, to 36,569 in 2008 (in metropolitan France). Except for the municipal arrondissements of its largest cities, the communes are the lowest level of administrative division in France and are governed by elected officials including a mayor (maire) and a municipal council (conseil municipal). Some in the National Assembly were opposed to such a fragmentation of France into thousands of communes, but eventually Mirabeau and his ideas of one commune for each parish prevailed. ), total subscriptions: 73 million (2021 est. )nuclear: 68.4% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Between 2012 and 2021, about 820 communes nouvelles have been established, replacing about 2,550 old communes. These structures have been left untouched by the Chevnement law, and they are on the decline. metropolitan France: Western Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay and English Channel, between Belgium and Spain, southeast of the UK; bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Italy and Spain; French Guiana: Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Brazil and Suriname; Guadeloupe: Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Puerto Rico; Martinique: Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago; Mayotte: Southern Indian Ocean, island in the Mozambique Channel, about halfway between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique; Reunion: Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The lengths of the borders France shares with different countries and territories are listed below. Regions of France - Wikipedia These cities were made up of several parishes (up to c. 50 parishes in the case of Paris), and they were usually enclosed by a defensive wall. Communes can leave the syndicate at any time. )101.62% of GDP (2018 est. Its current planned release date is 2027. How many countries does France have? - Answers France, officially French Republic, French France or Rpublique Franaise, country of northwestern Europe. )$2.854 trillion (2020 est. )hydroelectricity: 11.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Outline Map Key Facts Flag France, a Western European country that includes several overseas territories and regions, has 640,679 km2 (247,368 sq mi). )investment in fixed capital: 22.5% (2017 est. Following that event, a "commune" of Paris was immediately set up to replace the old medieval chartered city of Paris, and a municipal guard was established to protect Paris against any attempt made by King Louis XVI to quell the ongoing revolution. "delegated communes") in the place of the former communes, which are represented by a delegated mayor and a delegated council. Guadeloupe: Central America and the Caribbean; Martinique: Central America and the Caribbean; total: 643,801 sq km ; 551,500 sq km (metropolitan France)land: 640,427 sq km ; 549,970 sq km (metropolitan France)water: 3,374 sq km ; 1,530 sq km (metropolitan France)note: the first numbers include the overseas regions of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Reunion, slightly more than four times the size of Georgia; slightly less than the size of Texas, total: 3,956 kmborder countries (8): Andorra 55 km; Belgium 556 km; Germany 418 km; Italy 476 km; Luxembourg 69 km; Monaco 6 km; Spain 646 km; Switzerland 525 kmmetropolitan France - total: 2751 kmFrench Guiana - total: 1205 km, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nm (does not apply to the Mediterranean Sea)continental shelf: 200m depth or to the depth of exploitation. ), total petroleum production: 81,500 bbl/day (2021 est. Another six African countries use their own version of the franc. There are two different versions of the African franc, with 14 countries using the CFA and six African countries using their own version of the franc, which are directly tied to the French franc. ), 11.208 million PARIS (capital), 1.761 million Lyon, 1.628 million Marseille-Aix-en-Provence, 1.079 million Lille, 1.060 million Toulouse, 1.000 million Bordeaux (2023), at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/femaletotal population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2023 est. During the 19th and 20th centuries, the French colonial empire was the second largest colonial empire in the world only behind the British Empire; it extended over 13,500,000km2 (5,200,000sqmi)[1][2] of land at its height in the 1920s and 1930s. Although France has engaged in long-running disputes with other European powers (and, from time to time, with the United States, its longtime ally), it emerged as a leading member in the European Union (EU) and its predecessors. ), total population: 82.79 yearsmale: 79.75 yearsfemale: 85.97 years (2023 est. France Maps & Facts - World Atlas Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Paris summit aims to overhaul global financial system for 'climate Most of the communes in Alsace, along with those in other regions of France, have rejected the central government's calls for mergers and rationalization. Another theory suggests the term is a variation of the French word franc, which can mean either "straightforward" or "free", depending upon the context. Among the most powerful NATO members are Italy, France, the U.K., and the U.S. With over 1.39 million active military members and an aircraft fleet of 13,300, the U.S. military provides more . The French word commune appeared in the 12th century, from Medieval Latin communia, for a large gathering of people sharing a common life; from Latin communis, 'things held in common'. All communes have names, but not all named geographic areas or groups of people residing together are communes ("lieu dit" or "bourg"), the difference residing in the lack of administrative powers. note: data are in current year dollars, Germany 14%, United States 8%, Italy 7%, Spain 7%, Belgium 7%, United Kingdom 7% (2019), aircraft, packaged medicines, cars and vehicle parts, wine, beauty products, gas turbines (2021), $957.717 billion (2021 est.) Unlike the only partially successful statute enacted in 1966 and enabling urban communes to form urban communities, or the more marked failure of the Marcellin law of 1971, the Chevnement law met with a large measure of success, so that a majority of French communes are now involved in intercommunal structures. The capital and by far the most important city of France is Paris, one of the worlds preeminent cultural and commercial centres. Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. In all other French communes, the municipal police are under the mayor's supervision. [citation needed], Moreover, intercommunal structures in many urban areas are still new, and fragile: Tensions exist between communes; the city at the center of the urban area often is suspected of wishing to dominate the suburban communes; communes from opposing political sides also may be suspicious of each other. Today about 90 percent of communes and departments are exactly the same as those designed at the time of the French Revolution more than 200 years ago, with the same limits. Parishes lacked the municipal structures of post-Revolution communes. List of French possessions and colonies - Wikipedia Today, French communes are still very much the same in their general principles as those that were established at the beginning of the Revolution. The CFA franc was introduced in the African countries in 1945 and has been in circulation ever since. Some say that, should government money transfers be stopped, many of these communities of communes would revert to their former status of syndicate, or simply completely disappear in places where there were no syndicates prior to the law. A new currency dubbed the eco has been proposed as the new official currency for several African countries, including those presently using the West African CFA franc. Countries on Front Lines of Climate Change Seek New Lifeline in Paris The expression "intercommunality" (intercommunalit) denotes several forms of cooperation between communes. In addition, the territories of France border an additional 5 countries and territories. These abrupt changes profoundly alienated devout Catholics, and France soon was plunged into the throes of civil war, with the fervently religious regions of western France at its center. )note: France maintains a tradition of secularism and has not officially collected data on religious affiliation since the 1872 national census, which complicates assessments of France's religious composition; an 1872 law prohibiting state authorities from collecting data on individuals' ethnicity or religious beliefs was reaffirmed by a 1978 law emphasizing the prohibition of the collection or exploitation of personal data revealing an individual's race, ethnicity, or political, philosophical, or religious opinions; a 1905 law codified France's separation of church and state, 0-14 years: 18.04% (male 6,322,021/female 6,040,773)15-64 years: 60.53% (male 20,846,592/female 20,632,418)65 years and over: 21.42% (2023 est.)
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