negative impact of religion on education

International Journal of Mental Health Systems 2007. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. In this regard, sociologists Darren E. Sherkat, of Southern Illinois University Carbondale, and Alfred Darnell, a visiting lecturer at Washington University in St. Louis, find that fundamentalist beliefs and conservative Protestant affiliation both have significant and substantial negative influences on educational attainment. Young followers of fundamentalist religious leaders, they add, will likely limit their educational pursuits. They suggest that Christians who regard the Bible as inerrant that is, as the error-free word of God are less likely to enroll in college preparatory classes and have significantly lower educational aspirations than other respondents.55. Most of the time, we see headlines reinforcing that impression. Why I am a Buddhist: No-Nonsense Buddhism With Red Meat and Whiskey.. The epidemiology of religious coping: a review of recent literature. Depress anxiety. Introduction: Writing boards and blackboards in Launay, Robert, ed. New York: Russell Sage Foundation; 1999. p. 35373. Although interest in religion among young people has increased markedly, research examining the impact of religion on child development has been sorely lacking. Pesantren. Despite the attitudes he faced at the time, Pargament and a handful of others pressed on, conducting research on the impact of religion on people's mental health. Heisel MJ, Flett GL. Education's effect on religion - Patheos | Hosting the Conversation Often overlooked, early roots of feminism included religious voices, and there are many women and men who work actively for gender . In: Soul searching: the religious and spiritual lives of American teenagers. Introduction . However, previous studies have reported negative effects of religious education on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (or questioning) (LGBTQ) adolescents. (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main Soc Forces. Br J Educ Psychol. As a result, Protestants had more long-term impact on the education of sub-Saharan African women.43, Scholars of Buddhism note that Siddhartha Gautama, the religions founder, often is called teacher because of his emphasis on the miracle of instruction. He considered learning essential for attaining the Buddhist goal of enlightenment.44. Positive and Negative Religious Beliefs Explaining the Religion-Health It is important to reflect on the crucial role of religious education on adolescent mental health. In the Middle East and Europe, Christian monks built libraries and, in the days before printing presses, preserved important earlier writings produced in Latin, Greek and Arabic. Ann Behav Med. This social support, which accounts largely to the impact of religiosity to well-being, can be credited to the concept of love and brotherhood being promoted by religious teachings [58]. How religion may affect educational attainment | Pew Research Center 2010. In some cases, religious beliefs and practices contributed to the development of certain disorders like obsession, anxiety, and depression [60]. Positive and Negative Religious Beliefs Explaining the Religion-Health Connection Among African Americans . Buddhist Schools Play Vital Role in Rural Thailand. South China Morning Post. 2008. Kessler RC, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J, Chatterji S, Lee S, Ormel J, stn TB, Wang PS. A previous study has also found that a religious mismatch (i.e. In India, the most learned men (and sometimes women) of ancient times were residents of Buddhist and Hindu monasteries. Traditionally, studies have examined religious coping among Christian populations. Under Muslim rule, southern Spain was a center of higher learning, producing such figures as the renowned Muslim philosopher Averroes.32, But other scholars contend that these educational attainments, and the regard that Muslims had for intellectual inquiry in realms outside religion, were gradually attenuated by a complex mix of social and political events over several centuries. Adolescence is the stage of human development which Erik Erikson states as a transition period from childhood to adulthood. Englands highest-ranking Catholic official, Henry Cardinal Manning, denounced Darwins views as a brutal philosophy to wit, there is no God, and the ape is our Adam. Samuel Wilberforce, the Anglican Archbishop of Oxford and one of the most highly respected religious leaders in 19th-century England, also condemned the theory of evolution by natural selection. Nevertheless, teaching religion in secular schools can provide a student with deeper understanding of different cultures around the world, enrich a students understanding of human experiences, and allow the student to acquire values that they can integrate into their own lives [18]. Relig Educ. 1981. 2016. Faith in a time of crisis - American Psychological Association (APA) 2006. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462006005000006. Role of Buddhist Education in Ancient India, International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature. Therefore, everyone needed to read, including women and the poor.53. Saxena S, Jan Llopis E, Hosman CM. Schooling Islam: The Culture and Politics of Modern Muslim Education., For descriptions of the intellectual climate under early Islam, see Sardar, Ziauddin. Assad S, Niazi AK, Assad S. Health and Islam. https://www.idra.org/resource-center/religion-equity-in-schools-protecting-students-and-their-civil-rights/. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-835. However, negative health outcomes such as discrimination and social isolation can also develop, especially among religious or gender minority groups. For example, meditation and yoga have been demonstrated to relieve tension and anxiety and stabilize emotions. Garrone GM. In the missionaries view, everyone needed access to Gods word not just elites, writes Woodberry. That research identified positive and negative forms of religious coping as well as evidence that how people experience and express their faith has implications for their well . Relig Educ. School-based mental health education and promotion strategies can maximize the benefits of religious education by putting emphasis on effective implementation of religious education to influence adolescent mental health. Curr Opin Psychiatry. Research has shown that participating in religious practices has positive effects on adolescents in terms of having higher self-esteem and lower incidence of substance abuse through engaging in religious practices, adolescents achieved a feeling of belongingness [22]. The Monastic Tradition of Education in Thailand. International Journal of the History of Education. Homophobic bullying in Catholic high schools: Five US studies in heterosexism, authority, masculinity, and religion. It ruined my social equilibrium, ruined my education, and has had long term negative impacts on my health and well-being. Francis LJ, Penny G, Baker S. Defining and assessing spiritual health: a comparative study among 13-to 15-year-old pupils attending secular schools, Anglican schools, and private Christian schools in England and Wales. These missionary activities, the scholars conclude, have had a long-lasting positive impact on access to schooling and educational attainment levels in the region. Religion is certainly not the only reason for this variance; many other factors may play an equal or greater role, including economic, geographic, cultural factors and political conditions within a country or region. 1984. Christian/Catholic religion and time had independent positive effects on psychological well-being, however the interaction of Christian/Catholic religion and time had a negative effect. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956x.2012.679590. volume13, Articlenumber:28 (2019) 1970;1:3542. Forty-three percent of Latinos interviewed believe science education could have a negative effect on a child's religious faith, compared with just 8 percent of African-Americans. 2013. Until the early 19th century, however, most education of Jewish boys was primarily religious. The rst effect is that education increases the net benets of Does Religion Influence Educational Attainment?: Religion & Education Some scholars, however, argue that the Second Reformation of the German Pietist movement in the 17th and 18th centuries was even more influential in promoting literacy. Krgeloh CU, Chai PP, Shepherd D, Billington R. How religious coping is used relative to other coping strategies depends on the individuals level of religiosity and spirituality. Frontiers | The Effect of Religion on Psychological Resilience in Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. A History of the Jews in the Modern World.. . Seybold KS, Hill PC. Religious education can contribute to adolescent mental health in J Indian Acad Appl Psychol. Based on these findings, it is apparent that religious coping serves as a resilience mechanism as it enhances a more stable and positive measures of wellbeing. http://www.re-handbook.org.uk/section/curriculum/spiritual-moral-and-related-aspects-of-religious-education/religious-education-and-social-and-emotional-aspects-of-learning-seal. This developmental stage is also characterized by an increase in their sense of autonomy, leading to more interaction with peers and other individuals [3]. J Sci Study Relig. The influence of school and neighbourhood on attempted suicide, suicidal ideation and self-harm among secondary school pupils. Conclusion It is important to reflect on the crucial role of religious education on adolescent mental health. We find support for the contention that religion does have statistically significant effects on educational attainment, even when controls are included for a vast array of variables that are often used to explain these associations. Google Scholar. 2016. https://doi.org/10.3998/jmmh.10381607.0010.201. University of Texas sociologists Chandra Muller and Christopher G. Ellison, in a study of U.S. teenagers, find that there is a positive influence of religious involvement on several key academic outcomes, such as obtaining a high school diploma.56 Similarly, in her study of women raised as conservative Protestants, University of Illinois economics professor Evelyn L. Lehrer observes that those who frequently attended religious services during adolescence completed one more year of schooling than their less observant peers.57, Strong social capital also is proposed by Paul Burstein, a sociologist at the University of Washington, as a topic needing further research to explain the high educational attainment of Jews. Educational attainment among the religiously unaffiliated, Contemporary religious norms and doctrines, including teachings on gender, The puzzle of sub-Saharan Africas attainment gap, A religious gender gap for Christians, but not for Muslims. There are also conflicting findings regarding radicalism and extremism due to religious education. Appl Dev Sci. Terms and Conditions, Towards religious competence: diversity as a challenge for education in Europe. Religion, which serves as a reference point for gender norms and expectations, is often seen as institutionalizing and perpetuating patriarchy, thus frustrating many advocates for women's rights and equality. . Barry MM, Clarke AM, Jenkins R, Patel V. A systematic review of the effectiveness of mental health promotion interventions for young people in low and middle income countries. 1Glaeser and Sacerdote both thank the National Science Foundation for financial support. 27 Jun 2023 05:14:37 Furthermore, non-acceptance of LGBTQ views (i.e. Although the new countries inherited educational institutions of various size, each needed to build a new educational system, either from scratch or by expanding a small existing system. Religious coping and psychological adjustment to stress: a meta-analysis. Religious attendance increases survival by improving and maintaining good health behaviors, mental health, and social relationships. 2016. Int Rev Psychiatry. Google Scholar. Procedia Soc Behav Sci. In addition, religious coping has been shown to be extensively used when situations are deemed uncontrollable [41, 47], thus providing an outlet for those at a social disadvantage and with limited access to external resources [48]. Oxford Islamic Studies Online. http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/print/opr/t236/e0632. Accessed 09 Oct 2018. This study examines the relationship between religion and political activity. Rev Relig Res. Coleman EB, White K, editors. Abstract. Peabody J Educ. This is achieved by reading and meditating on Hindu scriptures. Religious education can contribute to adolescent mental health in school settings. These developments signaled a profound transformation of Judaism, according to economic historians Maristella Botticini of Bocconi University and Zvi Eckstein of the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya. This paper was supported by theResearch Grant for National Center for Global Health and Medicine (30-3, 30-4). Accessed 04 Apr 2019. Can J Psychiatry. Int J Ment Health Syst 13, 28 (2019). Accessed 09 Oct 2018. Primary Education in sub-Saharan Africa a moral issue, an economic matter, or both? Launched by Christian religious leaders, the schools initially were intended to teach literacy to poor children. Boudreaux E, Catz S, Ryan L, Amaral-Melendez M, Brantley PJ. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1080/15210960903116563. For example, Islam teaches the importance of personal hygiene, stress management, and eating healthy [26]; Buddhism teaches avoidance of any drink or drug which can cloud the mind [27]; the Catholic Christian spiritual perspective puts emphasis on confession of sins for forgiveness by God to provide relief to a troubled mind; and Jewish beliefs emphasize that their bodies belong to God and should therefore take care of it by maintaining a proper diet, getting adequate exercise and sleep, maintaining good hygiene, and having a healthy mind [28]. Darnell, Alfred and Darren E. Sherkat. Consequently, adolescents question or reject some religious ideas which were taught to them by adults during early age [19]. Basharat Reply to Dylan 5 months ago Similarly, peers influence adolescent religiosity in the sense that religiosity fosters greater peer attachment; that is, religious adolescents tend to have more friends who foster the same religious belief and they are less likely to engage in delinquent behavior [21]. Koenig HG. Experiences of religious minorities in public school settings: findings from focus groups involving Muslim, Jewish, Catholic, and Unitarian Universalist youths. These religiously-based messages of discrimination can contribute to social exclusion. Interventions for adolescent mental health: an overview of systematic reviews. 1937. https://doi.org/10.1080/0034408370320407. Religious moral beliefs such as objections to suicide can also influence suicide rates and attitudes towards suicide [35]. Percept Mot Skills. The Religious Roots of Inequality in Africa. Dissertation. He finds no definitive explanation for the gap, but posits that one factor may be that religious schools set up by local Islamic leaders are viewed as an alternative to government schools. By contrast, cultural and religious norms in Muslim societies often hinder womens education. A systematic review of recent research on adolescent religiosity/spirituality and mental health. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Dorff E. The Jewish tradition: religious beliefs and healthcare decisions. For discussion, see Frankema, Ewout H.P. By talking about others beliefs and traditions, students are equipped with social skills and the ability to prevent prejudice and hatred towards others [52]. Finding faith, losing faith: the prevalence and context of religious transformations during adolescence. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-010-9416-x. Some of these practices and religious involvement have been proven to help in dealing with stressful situations, anxiety, and isolation, displacement after natural disasters, among others [46]. , Population estimates are from the 2015 Pew Research Center report . J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. The Effects of Education on Americans' Religious - Home - Springer Maher MJ. Brten OM. Gender Equality in Muslim-Majority States and Sharia Family Law: Is There a Link? Australian Journal of Political Science. not accepted or permitted in school work) can also undermine academic achievement [72]. Some scholars argue that the educational decline began earlier, in the 11th and 12th centuries, and was rooted in institutional changes. Through religious education, the learning atmosphere can be improved by connecting students regardless of their faith [50]. Indeed, a 2010 study of women in three villages in Nigeria finds that a Quranic education is more common than other types of school among young Muslim women. students attending a school with religious education which is different from their religion) increased the risk of suicide attempts and self-harm significantly [68]. How Religion Influences Our Relationship With the Environment Religious education can likewise serve as a vehicle to emphasize respect for diversity, by providing a venue for adolescents to understand the differences in religions and world views. Several monasteries became so large and complex that they are considered prototypes of todays universities. There is considerable debate among scholars over the degree to which Islam has encouraged or discouraged secular education over the centuries. Google Scholar. World Health Organization. The ways of religious coping scale: reliability, validity, and scale development. Article The negative effect of education on religious belief occurs because secular education emphasizes secular beliefs that are at odds with many traditional religious views. 2016. A new study suggests that growing up in a religious household can be a mixed blessing for childhood development. In the view of some scholars, the 16th-century Protestant Reformation was a driving force for public education in Europe. Federspiel HM. Writes Nunn: The presence of Christian missionaries, particularly Protestant missionaries, has been shown to be strongly correlated with increased educational attainment and the effects appear to persist for many generations.64, In his study of Christian versus Muslim primary school enrollment, Holger Daun, an expert in educational policy at Stockholm University, argues that religion counts as much as economic factors in determining attainment. 2001. Religiousness and mental health: a review. Das JK, Salam RA, Lassi ZS, Khan MN, Mahmood W, Patel V, Bhutta ZA. 2009;18(1):2333. Crystal Amiel M. Estrada or Jun Kobayashi. How religion may affect educational attainment: scholarly theories and historical background, women make gains in higher education in some conservative Muslim countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council, Paper, Printing and Compact Disks: The Making and Unmaking of Islamic Culture, Religion and the Rise and Fall of Islamic Science, Protestantism and Literacy in Early Modern Germany, The Missionary Roots of Liberal Democracy, Gender and Missionary Influence in Colonial Africa, Luther and the Girls: Religious Denomination and the Female Education Gap in 19, The Impact of Protestant Fundamentalism on Educational Attainment, Social Context and College Completion in the United States: The Role of Congregational Biblical Literalism, Religious Involvement, Social Capital, and Adolescents Academic Progress: Evidence from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988, Shaping Schooling Success: Religious Socialization in Educational Outcomes in Metropolitan Public Schools, Religiosity as a Determinant of Educational Attainment: The Case of Conservative Protestant Women in the United States, Jewish Educational and Economic Success in the United States: A Search for Explanations, For the Love of the Republic Education, Religion and Empowerment, The Effect of Education on Religion: Evidence from Compulsory Schooling Laws, The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010-2050, The Shadow of Empire: Christian Missions, Colonial Policy, and Democracy in Postcolonial Societies, The Religious Roots of Inequality in Africa. Meshram, Manish. Previous studies have shown that people frequently count on religion to cope with stressful situations [35, 36, 39, 40]. Bullock M, Nadeau L, Renaud J. Spirituality and religion in youth suicide attempters trajectories of mental health service utilization: the year before a suicide attempt. Historians and social scientists have written about this relationship and about how the two may influence each other. In contrast to the theoretical emphasis on the negative effects of education on religion, recent empirical analyses of the impact of college on religiosity suggest that education is not always detrimental to religion. The stricter laws impose a limit on physical mobility which is typically required for pursuing higher education or a career, Rahman concludes.54 There are signs that this could be changing, however, as women make gains in higher education in some conservative Muslim countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council including Saudi Arabia. Education and Religion - NBER Depression and other common mental disorders: global health estimates. The new educational pluralism brought intensified competition between supporters of general as opposed to religious education, and fierce public debate over the place of Islam in an imagined postcolonial community., Saliba, George. Becker, Sascha O. and Wmann, Ludger. The psychology of religion and coping: theory, research, practice. Conceptualizing religion and spirituality: points of commonality, points of departure. Furthermore, social relationships formed through religious involvement are likewise found to intervene with adolescent suicide ideation [59]. Martin Luther urged each town to have a girls school so that girls would learn to read the Gospel, evoking a surge of building girls schools in Protestant areas, write economic professors Sascha O. Becker, of the University of Warwick, and Ludger Woessmann, of the University of Munich. Afrianty D. Islamic education and youth extremism in Indonesia; 2012. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dina_Afrianty/publication/271926520_Islamic_education_and_youth_extremism_in_Indonesia/links/5ab1e6d8a6fdcc1bc0bff81b/Islamic-education-and-youth-extremism-in-Indonesia.pdf. Putting emphasis on religious diversity can eventually reduce, if not eliminate, cases of bullying, offensive behavior, and violence [54]. Religious, Social and Economic Factors Hindering the Education of Girls in Northern Nigeria. Comparative Education. Religion, stress, and mental health in adolescence: Findings from add health. The positive and negative effects religion has had on American society is the focus of a new book, _American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us_. It concludes with a look at some leading theories for the stark differences in educational attainment between Christians and Muslims living in sub-Saharan Africa. One of the basic aims of religious education is to promote awareness about religious beliefs and practices and how these affect the individual, the family, and the community [29]. Cite this article. Dupper DR, Forrest-Bank S, Lowry-Carusillo A. Myers SM. Liagkis, ML. CAME and MFTCL wrote the manuscript in consultation with EA, ERG, CRL, and RRQ. Researcher: Religion influences behavior both good and bad | Around the O Religion and Women's Equality - Berkley Center for Religion, Peace and 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Identity, Inequality and Legitimacy: Religious Differences in Primary School Completion in sub-Saharan Africa. Forthcoming in the Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. Schreiner P. Towards a European oriented religious education. Watson, JKP. One, she writes, is that parents with low levels of education are less able to help their children attend and succeed in school even if they have similar expectations for the economic returns of schooling as more educated parents. This intergenerational pattern may be stronger in Muslim-majority areas, where many parents have low educational attainment. BMC Public Health. Your privacy choices/Manage cookies we use in the preference centre. A History of the Arab Peoples. Also see Hallaq, Wael B. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Peter_Newman12/publication/273507298_A_Social_Ecology_of_Bias-Based_Bullying_of_Sexual_and_Gender_Minority_Youth_Toward_a_Conceptualization_of_Conversion_Bullying/links/5a0de81c0f7e9b7d4dba54d8/A-Social-Ecology-of-Bias-Based-Bullying-of-Sexual-and-Gender-Minority-Youth-Toward-a-Conceptualization-of-Conversion-Bullying.pdf. 2015. https://academic.oup.com/cs/article-pdf/37/1/37/8717929/cdu029.pdf. Religious education reinforces religious coping, which is the use of cognitive behavioral techniques to manage stressful situations in light of ones spirituality or religious beliefs [38]. Pargament KI. Driven by this theological conviction, religious leaders urged the building of schools and the translation of the Bible into local languages and Reformation leader Martin Luther set the example by translating the Bible into German. The most recent estimates from the World Health Organization identified depressive disorders as the largest contributor to global YLD, accounting for 50 million or 7.5% of all YLDs [2]. Accessed 05 Nov 2018. . Nooney JG. Interventions implemented in schools which aim to improve adolescent mental health using strategies such as gatekeeper training and improving knowledge or mental health literacy among others are found to be effective in increasing knowledge, self-esteem, and social support thus reducing risk factors [8,9,10]; however, there is limited information on the integration of religious education in these interventions, which can be an effective approach in promoting mental health. Higa D, Hoppe MJ, Lindhorst T, Mincer S, Beadnell B, Morrison DM, Wells EA, Todd A, Mountz S. Negative and positive factors associated with the well-being of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ) youth. The Chosen Few: How Education Shaped Jewish History, 70-1492., Sachar, Howard M. 2005. who reported that parents' religious attendance and whether the children received religious education was related to their children's attendance when the children were in the high teens but not when they were in their . In: The religious education CPD handbook. Do schools differ in suicide risk? Moreover, parents are concerned that their children do not learn much of any use at school, and that much of what they do learn nasaaraaji (things of the whites) is counter to the norms of Islam and Fulbe culture.. The defendant in the Scopes Monkey Trial, high school teacher John Scopes, was convicted of violating a Tennessee law banning the teaching of human evolution in government-funded schools. Should religious education be a compulsory school subject? In: Gender, religion and education in a chaotic postmodern world 2013. Economic Development and Religion: Relationship | StudySmarter They also gave increased importance to the earlier religious decree on educating sons, making it a compulsory religious duty for all Jewish fathers. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1097/yco.0000000000000080. When the Thai government introduced Western-style, secular education around the beginning of the 20th century, it used monastic schools as the vehicle for reaching the wider population. 2005. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20049. In Ivory Coast, for example, anthropologist Robert Launay contends that an economic boom following independence favored those who had been educated in the colonial era and convinced many Muslim parents of the economic benefits of state schooling. Religion and its effect on health and well-being has been the subject of many previous studies [22].
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