how did the bolsheviks win the civil war

300,000 men, very strict army discipline, and internal lines of communication Lenin helped By this point Soviet resistance was so completely broken that there was little fear of counterattack and the Polish units had ample time in which to reorganize. Of the three points of their effective slogan"Peace, land, and bread"the first proved to be the most difficult to realize. We're here to answer any questions you have about our services. Lenin was always mindful of Great Russian chauvinism, which was one reason he never permitted the formation of a separate Russian Communist Party apart from that of the Soviet Union. The Communists proclaimed the right of self-determination, but in practice they imposed the dictatorship of the Russian Communist Party on them. Others fought for them because they hated foreign (British, American and The reign of Peter I (the Great; 16891725), The reign of Catherine II (the Great; 176296), Government administration under Catherine, Education and social change in the 18th century, The Civil War and War Communism (191821), The Gorbachev era: perestroika and glasnost, Ethnic relations and Russias near-abroad, Consolidation of power, Syria, and campaign against the West, Putins fourth term as president, novichok attacks, and military action against Ukraine, Match the Country with Its Hemisphere Quiz. When Kolchak was defeated in 1919, the foreign armies went home. At the same time, Gen. Nikolay N. Yudenich advanced from Estonia to the outskirts of Petrograd (St. Petersburg). Why Did the Bolsheviks Win the Russian Civil War? | Studymode A temporary demarcation line between Polish and German forces was established to the west of the Kovel-Brest-Biaystok-Grajewo railway. After this coup detat, command of the government passed to Alexander Kolchak, a former tsarist naval commander. (Western New England College). All work is written to order. The Menshevik and Socialist Revolutionary deputies were expelled from the central and local soviets and prevented from engaging in any organized political activity. By the end of summer the retreat had become a rout. them one at a time. Denikin and Kolchak were moderates, who lacked effective political or economic programs. They were joined by other groups, including former tsarist officers and loyalist militias. Trotskys leadership led the communists to a closer step of succeeding in the civil war. It was a brutal conflict that produced terror, war crimes and human suffering on catastrophic levels. According to Lee, the reason of victory laid in the effective handling of the war by the Bolsheviks themselves. In 1918 alone Cheka killed an estimated 50000 people. Many Russians They refused, defeated attempts of the local soviets to disarm them, and took control of the Trans-Siberian Railroad. However in reality millions simply melted in population and. civil war - 1002 Words | Studymode Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. Here are 10 facts about the Russian Civil War. In contrast to the whites, the Whites were made up from different groups of people and with different aims, so that makes it impossible to develop political strategy. won the Civil War. 20th-century international relations: Bolshevik diplomacy. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! Poland formally annexed Vilnius and the surrounding area in 1922, a claim that was never recognized by Lithuania. The Russian Civil War was a three-year struggle for control of Russia, fought by the Bolshevik Red Army, counter-revolutionary White armies and other non-aligned forces. On the Soviet side, Vladimir Lenins strategy was the converse: the mission of the Red Army was to destroy the wall separating Soviet Russia from revolutionary Germany. Thus, as the February 1919 deadline approached, the Red Army was closing in on the Hrodna-Brest-Kovel line. Brainscape Find Flashcards Why It Works Educators Teachers & professors Content partnerships Looking for a flexible role? What treaty brought a settlement with the Russo- Polish war of 1919 . Just days after that agreement was signed, however, a Polish army drove the Lithuanian troops out of the area, proclaimed the independence of a new central Lithuanian state, and established its government at Vilnius. By October the Bolsheviks had majorities in the Petrograd (St. Petersburg) and Moscow Soviets; and when they overthrew the Provisional Government, the second Congress of Soviets (devoid of peasant deputies) approved the action and formally took control of the government. Yet another White government was based in Arkhangelsk, a White Sea port city, 700 miles north-west of St Petersburg. By mid-1920 the Reds had consolidated their hold on the country. Stalin eventually outwitted Trotsky, Lenins natural successor, and various other contenders. By this time,Lenin knew that the War Communism had failed and he chose to admit it and stop supporting it to keep their supporter in number. All power belonged to the Communist Party, members of which occupied all the posts in the Soviet of Peoples Commissars and the key posts at all lower levels of the machinery of government. The victory of the Communists in the civil war is indeed mainly due to this simple fact of military superiority, reinforced by the fact that, holding the central core of European Russia throughout the war, they could plan operations and move men more easily than their enemies, whose bases were on the periphery and cut off from one another. Three days later an army group of ten infantry divisions (including two Ukrainian) and four cavalry brigades was launched against two weak Soviet armies south of the Pripet River. Russo-Polish War | History, Facts, & Significance | Britannica During this time the Bolsheviks faced massive opposition to their rule in the form of the White Armies, led by the former officers of the Tsarist state, and also from intervention by the forces of foreign countries. They boycotted the elections to the First State Duma (Russian parliament) in 1906 and refused to cooperate with the government and other political parties in subsequent Dumas. from the west, Admiral Kolchak from the east. Over the next two days, the Poles covered more than 50 miles (80 km). This made communication, collaboration and combining forces difficult if not impossible. Laver summarises the reasons by stating that the Reds had many advantages; such as the unified leadership of the communists under Lenin, the skills of Trotsky, and the control of industrial centres which were highly populated areas. the Bolshevik soldiers were enthusiastic. illegal. It deals with anti-regime conspiracies and keeping watch on groups whose loyalty was suspect. Russian Civil War Disease, particularly typhus, was rampant, and malnutrition was the natural consequence of Lenins widespread grain confiscations. Why did the Reds eventually lose to the polish? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Some wanted a return to the Tsarist regime; others a democratic republic. Trotsky recruited 50000 former Tsarist officers to combat with the plenty experience owed by the Whites. The war was a disaster for the nascent Soviet Union. Moreover, Pisudski was convinced that the moment was favourable for reviving the historic idea of a Polish-Lithuanian-Ukrainian federation. He states that the main objective of the various groups that formed the White forces was to stop the victories of the Bolshevik revolution and to put an end to Lenins ambitions of creating a new Russian government and, ultimately, a new face for the Russian state. Why did the Bolsheviks Win the Civil War? Matters were not helped by the officers reluctance to involve themselves in political matters, leaving chaos and banditry to reign in much of their territory. the Whites were disunited. Why did the Bolsheviks win the Russian Civil War? Lenin negotiated. On December 20, 1917, after seizing power in Russia, Vladimir Lenin created the Cheka, the Soviet Unions secret police. This new government, the Ufa Directorate, was led by a five-man committee, three of whom were Socialist-Revolutionaries. Why did the Bolsheviks win the civil war? - A-Level History - Marked by Russia itself had been an empire with many non-Russian citizens, and the emergence of numerous national elites was a trend of considerable concern to Stalin and his leadership. The Russian Civil War (1918-21) was a long struggle for the control of Russia. By June 7 Budenny had occupied Zhytomyr and Berdychiv in migy-Rydzs rear; migy-Rydz was therefore ordered to evacuate Kyiv (June 12) and to retreat westward. In fact, all these different groups hated each other! The Fourth Army was preparing to fall upon the Polish left flank when Sikorski suddenly advanced. Nevertheless, the Bolsheviks became increasingly popular among urban workers and soldiers in Russia after the February Revolution (1917), particularly after April, when Lenin returned to the country, demanding immediate peace and that the workers councils, or Soviets, assume power. were Communists, who believed they were fighting for a better world. There were 9 key events during the Russian Civil War: Trotsky became the Commissar for War for the Bolsheviks and took charge of the Red Army on 13th March, 1918. Ukraine slipped under German influence, and the Mensheviks held sway in the Caucasus. Many White generals, while capable soldiers, either had political ambitions of their own or distrusted those of their fellow White commanders. *You can also browse our support articles here >. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Who Were the Bolsheviks and How Did They Rise to Power? The Cheka This ban was needed to prevent local party groups from overturning the decisions of the congress. The Treaty of Riga, concluded on March 18, 1921, provided for the bulk of Ukraine to remain a Soviet republic, although substantial portions of Belorussia (Belarus) and Ukraine were ceded to Poland. The idea that almost everyone has is that the Soviet state was founded in the year 1917, which was the year of the Bolshevik revolution; the truth is that the state has risen only after the end of the civil war in which the Bolsheviks were the ultimate victorious side. The issue of peace or war tore the Bolsheviks apart. On the day of Germanys surrender (November 11, 1918), Polands independence was proclaimed in Warsaw, but huge German armies still occupied the western part of the former Russian Empire. Trotsky organized effective counter attack against Denikin who had come within 320 km. The Civil War was fought on several fronts by different leaders and . Further advance southward was halted when Pisudski learned that, on May 15, 1920, Gen. Mikhayl Tukhachevsky, commander of the Soviet Western Army Group, had attacked across the Dvina. The identification with the Tsarists isolated both workers and peasants also created a drawback to the whites. Beyond the platoon's position, flares and rockets flashed, and shadowy figures moved through tiny villagesBolshevik soldiers from Russia's Red Army, hoping to push the American invaders 200 miles. Disclaimer: This is an example of a student written essay.Click here for sample essays written by our professional writers. On the other side, the Whites were scattered around the edges from the central. Foreign military intervention was lukewarm at best. Kolchaks base in Omsk was almost 3000 km from Petrograd. On October 13 they took Oryol. In fact, those minorities feared the Whites because of their constant call for a united Russia and felt threatened by them, and this was another positive element for the Reds. Soviet Russia gave way to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) in 1922, but this did not mean that Russia gave up its hegemony within the new state.
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